With CSS being highly acidic, it is also not as user-friendly and safe as anionic emulsions. Of course, in both cases, it is advisable to use the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). However, the low pH of cationic emulsions warrants additional care, whereas anionic bitumen emulsions have been proven to be safe for use in the waterproofing of fishponds. Anionic Bitumen emulsion SS-1 is a slow-setting, anionic type and is further characterized by its ability to remain stable on storage although produced with equipment that generates a wide range of shearing forces. Such characteristics are imparted to the asphalt emulsions through the use of emulsion-conditioner compositions comprising a partially desulfonated lignosulfonate, preferably an anionic or nonionic emulsifying agent and, optionally, a thickener.
